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Some roofs were failures from the beginning, dependent on naive and overambitious use of materials as they were first developed. Research on a construction may reveal an inadequately made or an extremely combustible roof has been substituted in its history, and so restoration of a later roof substance would have a valid precedent.
Price and ease of upkeep may dictate that the substitution of a substance from the first in appearance. The technical problems (wind, weather, and roofing pitch) should be weighed against the historic thought of scale, texture, and color. Sometimes the effect of this alternative substance will be minimal. But on roofs with a high level of visibility and patterning or feel, the substitution may seriously alter the architectural character of the building.
Any temporary covering ought to be applied with care, although A very simple covering of plywood or roll roof might offer protection. One should be careful to not overload the roof construction, or to damage or destroy historic evidence or fabric that might be incorporated into a brand new roof at a subsequent date.
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Precautions return to top The architect or contractor should warn the proprietor of some precautions to be taken against the specific dangers in installing the roofing material. Soldering of sheet plastics, for instance, could be a fire hazard, either by the open fire or from overheating and unnoticed smoldering of these wooden substrate materials.
Consideration should start with the positioning of contemporary pipes on the interior of the building, otherwise a set of vent stacks may pierce the roofing membrane at various spots creating maintenance problems as well as aesthetic ones. Air handling units will require vents that, then, require layout that is sensitive.
The improvements must be made as possible by painting them outside with a colour whenever downspouts and gutters are required that weren't on the building or trim. Return to top exceptional problems inherent in an historical roof's plan could be controlled through routine maintenance.
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Though a new roof can be an object of beauty, it will not be protective for long. At least twice a year, the roof should be scrutinized against a checklist. All changes must be reported and recorded. Guidelines should be established.
For someslate, asphalt, asphalt and clay tilea self-supporting ladder may be suspended over the ridge of the roof, or planks may be spanned across the roofing surface. Such things should be designed and stored in a storage area. Apply caution to assure that the anchors put on, last leak roofing or do not penetrate, break flashing, gutters, or the roofing surface if outside work requires hanging scaffolding.
Items should be assessed at times. For example, gutters tend to collect leaves and debris throughout fall and the spring and following heavy rain. Hidden gutter screening in downspouts and above the period of the gutter might help keep them clean. The surface material would require checking after a storm as well.
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Typically, damage from ice or water is less likely on a roof which has great flashing onto the outside and is well ventilated and insulated on the inside. Specific instructions to the upkeep of the roofing materials must be offered in the architect or contractor. Summary and References return to top The critical elements for maintaining and replacing a historic roof are: Understanding the building's historical part and being perceptible to it.
Consideration of this historical craftsmanship and detailing and executing these in the renewal where observable. Supervision of the roofers or maintenance staff to guarantee preservation of historic fabric and comprehension of the extent and detailing of the undertaking. Consideration of materials. Maintenance system to assure that the staff knows how to care for the roofing and of the specific trouble spots to protect.
This Preservation Brief was written by Sarah M Sweetser, Architectural Historian, Technical Preservation Services Division. A lot of the technical information was based upon an unpublished report prepared under contract for this particular office by John G. and Diana S. leak in attic Waite. Some of the historical data originated from Charles E. Peterson, FAIA,"American Notes," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians.
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This publication has been prepared pursuant to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, which directs the Secretary of the Interior to develop and make available information concerning historic properties. Technical Preservation Services (TPS), National Park Service prepares standards, roof leaking around chimney guidelines, and other educational materials on responsible historic preservation treatments for a broad public.
(Modern roofing types and detailing) Briggs, Martin S. A Brief History of the Building Crafts. London: Oxford University Press. Vol. (Entirely on roofing) Holstrom, Ingmar; and Sandstrom, Christina.